The following script will list all server principals and any elevated roles or permissions they hold.
The script is valid for SQL Server instances and Azure SQL Managed Instances

SELECT 	sp.name										AS ServerPrincipal, 
	sp.type_desc									AS LoginType,
	sp.type,
	CASE sp.is_disabled
	WHEN 0 THEN 'No'
	WHEN 1 THEN 'Yes'
	END												AS UserDisabled, 
	sp.create_date									AS DateCreated, 
	sp.modify_date									AS DateModified,
	sp.default_database_name						AS DefaultDB, 
	sp.default_language_name						AS DefaultLang,
	ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT ',' + 
		CASE ssp22.name
		WHEN 'sysadmin' THEN ssp22.name + ' "Danger Will Robinson"'
		ELSE ssp22.name
		END		   
		FROM sys.server_principals ssp2 
		INNER JOIN sys.server_role_members ssrm2 
		ON ssp2.principal_id = ssrm2.member_principal_id
		INNER JOIN sys.server_principals ssp22
		ON ssrm2.role_principal_id = ssp22.principal_id
		WHERE ssp2.principal_id = sp.principal_id
		ORDER BY ssp2.name	 
		FOR XML PATH(N''), TYPE).value(N'.[1]', 
		N'nvarchar(max)'), 1, 1, N''), 'NoRolesHeld')			AS ListofServerRoles,		
	ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT ';' + ' Permission [' + sspm3.permission_name + '] is [' +
		CASE 
		WHEN sspm3.state_desc LIKE 'GRANT%' THEN 'Granted]'
		WHEN sspm3.state_desc = 'DENY' THEN 'Denied]'
		END AS PermGrants
		FROM sys.server_principals ssp3 
		INNER JOIN sys.server_permissions sspm3 
		ON ssp3.principal_id = sspm3.grantee_principal_id		
		WHERE sspm3.class = 100 AND 
		sspm3.grantee_principal_id = sp.principal_id AND
		sspm3.permission_name <> 'CONNECT SQL'
		FOR XML PATH(N''), TYPE).value(N'.[1]', 
		N'nvarchar(max)'), 1, 1, N''), 'NoServerPermissions') 
		+ ' in Server::' + @@ServerName + ''					AS PermGrants	
						
FROM sys.server_principals sp 
WHERE sp.type <> 'R' AND sp.name NOT LIKE '##%##' 
ORDER BY ServerPrincipal